民族学刊

“中华民族多元一体格局”是费孝通的著名论断，蕴含着中华民族“多元”与“一体”的辐合关系。在费孝通提出这一理论之前，顾颉刚就对中华民族“多元”与“一体”的关系做过系统论述。费孝通的中华民族多元一体格局理论的形成与他当年跟顾颉刚对“中华民族是一个”的讨论密不可分。总体来看，中华民族的形成是漫长且复杂的历史过程，也是各民族不断交往交流交融形成不可分割、紧密团结的民族共同体的发展过程。“多元”是中华民族的特有属性，“一体”是中华民族的固有格局，中华民族多元一体格局的形成是“多元”与“一体”的深度辐合。中华民族已经形成了“你中有我，我中有你”的多元一体格局。在铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践中，借鉴和学习顾颉刚有关中华民族的思考，不断完善已有的理论研究成果，有助于铸牢中华民族共同体意识，为中华民族伟大复兴奠定基础。

“The Pattern of Diversity in Unity of the Chinese Nation” is a famous assertion by Fei Xiaotong,which contains the convergence between“diversity” and“unity” of the Chinese nation. In fact,before Fei Xiaotong proposed this theory,Gu Jiegang had systematically discussed the relationship between “diversity” and “unity” of the Chinese nation. Overall,“diversity” is a unique attribute of the Chinese nation． “Diversity ” represents ethnic diversity. The Chinese nation is a multi-ethnic community formed of 56 ethnic groups who depend on each other and are integrated with each other. The 56 ethnic groups are the basic units that make up the Chinese nation,and “diversity”,to a certain extent,has the meaning of being the “multi-source” from various ethnic groups;meanwhile,“diversity” implies cultural and ecological diversity,and refers to the integration of multiple ethnic elements by the Chinese nation.Gu Jiegang believes that in history,early ethnic groups were “multi-source ”,but the Chinese nation was not “multi-source” . He states that there is no need to worry too much about the “diversity” of the Chinese nation,and there is no need to erase the characteristics of various ethnic groups as a result. One should recognize the reality of ethnic relations: The Chinese nation has formed an inseparable and closely united national entity,and “diversity ” is precisely the unique attribute of the Chinese nation． “Unity” is the inherent pattern of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation is a diverse and integrated entity,and it is also a community with a shared future for the coordinated development of all ethnic groups.Gu Jiegang believes that there are no other nations within the Chinese nation,let alone races in the sense of “multi-source” . In the process of integrating people of all ethnic groups into a “unity”,“culture ” plays a very important role. The formation of “the Pattern of Diversity in Unity of the Chinese Nation” is precisely the deep convergence of “diversity ” and “unity ” . Due to longterm ethnic exchanges and intermarriage,the Chinese nation has formed an integrated national pattern,and all ethnic groups have become “one ”,which is the“diversity in unity” of the Chinese nation. The theory of “the Pattern of Diversity in Unity of the Chinese Nation” is a vivid interpretation of the convergence of ethnic diversities and national unity,and it is also the theoretical core of the current ideology of the Chinese national community.Throughout the discussion on the diversity and unity of the Chinese nation,Gu Jiegang's ideas have room for reference,but there are also shortcomings. In the context of strengthening a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation,one should organically integrate Gu Jiegang's theory with that of Fei Xiaotong,strengthen one's understanding and reflection on the “Pattern of Diversity in Unity of the Chinese Nation”,and continuously improve the theoretical research results. One must fully recognize the history and reality of long-term communication,interaction,and integration among various ethnic groups within the Chinese nation,adhere to the concept of Chinese national community,forge the awareness of the Chinese national community,strengthen the “three contacts ” and“mutual embedding”,enhance the awareness of national unity,and ultimately achieve the goal of forging a strong sense of the Chinese national community,laying the foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.